在希望的田野上丨在黑土地上练就“不怕冷”的水稻品种 ...
<p data-track="2">黑龙江是我国重要的粮食生产基地。眼下，绥化市的500多万亩水稻陆续开始收割，今年的收成如何？</p><p></p><div class="tt-video-box xgplayer_autohide xgplayer xgplayer-inactive xgplayer-pc xgplayer-nostart" tt-videoid="v02004g10000ccmph83c77ucmcrots5g" tt-poster="http://p9.toutiaoimg.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a26e74c75fb5aee2255e5de3aa073a6" tabindex="0" style="max-width: 100%; width: 100%; height: 0px; padding-top: 56.25%; top: 0px; left: 0px;"><xg-bar class="xg-top-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar><xg-bar class="xg-left-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar><xg-bar class="xg-right-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar><xg-prompt class="xgplayer-prompt controls-follow" data-index="0">
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</xg-mini-layer></div><p></p><p data-track="3">在黑龙江省绥化市北林区国家级水稻高产创建示范园区，这里的水稻已经开始收获了。这里农民最喜欢用的一种联合收割机，可先将水稻收割下来，然后通过输送带传入到脱粒区，机器内部会把水稻进行脱粒处理，再储存到旁边的粮仓当中。</p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="4"><strong><span style="color: #001966; --tt-darkmode-color: #668CFF;">高效收割 “增肥”地力</span></strong></p><p data-track="5">脱粒后的秸秆会被粉碎均匀抛撒在田里，机器的尾部会把剩下的稻茬进行二次灭茬。粉碎的秸秆会在秋整地的时候深翻到30厘米以下的土层当中。经过冬季封冻变质，春季泡田、耙地以后慢慢腐化，变成有机肥。能够起到增肥地力，保护黑土地的作用。这里的一台收割机一天能完成120亩，传统收割机一天只能完成80亩，相比之下收割效果会更好，能够实现颗粒归仓。</p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="6"><strong><span style="color: #001966; --tt-darkmode-color: #668CFF;">水稻测产 良种应用</span></strong></p><p data-track="7">除了有机械收割的水稻，在现场还有人工收割的水稻，北林区的农技专家们正在进行理论测产。普通水稻，稻穗长大概十多厘米，而且籽粒并不是很大，也不是很多。现在种植的水稻品种，稻穗长有二十多厘米，并且籽粒是细长型的，而且非常饱满，数量也很多。农技专家们对地块进行测产就是为了以后指导农民进行科学种田提供数据支撑。</p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="8"><strong><span style="color: #001966; --tt-darkmode-color: #668CFF;">“智慧”监测 科学管理</span></strong></p><p data-track="9">那么，这个水稻品种为什么种得这么好？这里有一个小型的农业智慧监测站，可以监测到这里的土壤信息、气象信息。以往农民是要根据经验，用眼睛看、用手摸、用嘴去尝水稻是否成熟，来判断什么时间去收获。现在，这里显示了这个地块的水稻全年积温已经达到了2766.4℃，而它的有效积温只需要2500℃，代表着水稻已经成熟了。还有当天的温度、湿度等气象信息，通过这些数据就能够判断什么时间收割水稻是最合适的。除了在秋收上，在春耕的时候，这些监测数据也会帮助农民制定一个科学的种植方法。在田间管理上，还会指导农民如何去施肥、用药、除草、灌溉等等。农民从以往的巡田要满地跑，到现在手指一动就能查看到水稻的长势情况，这个平台做到了为农民提供全程的种植服务。</p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="10"><strong><span style="color: #001966; --tt-darkmode-color: #668CFF;">如何练就“不怕冷”的水稻品种</span></strong></p><p data-track="11">春种秋收，天道酬勤。五谷丰登的丰收图景来之不易。</p><p data-track="12">黑龙江地处我国最北部，纬度较高，气温变幅较大，容易出现低温冷害天气。在这样的地区种植水稻，从种植到管理，农户和农技人员都想了很多的办法，避免或减轻低温冷害的影响，炼成不怕冷的水稻品种。</p><p></p><div class="tt-video-box xgplayer_autohide xgplayer xgplayer-inactive xgplayer-pc xgplayer-nostart" tt-videoid="v03004g10000ccmpjbjc77ucfa47e580" tt-poster="http://p3.toutiaoimg.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd8a36f685b423b65f90eeac7721dc59" tabindex="0" style="max-width: 100%; width: 100%; height: 0px; padding-top: 56.25%; top: 0px; left: 0px;"><xg-bar class="xg-top-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar><xg-bar class="xg-left-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar><xg-bar class="xg-right-bar" data-index="-1"></xg-bar>
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</xg-mini-layer></div><p></p><p data-track="13">在黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心，这里的人工光源实验室可以模拟-10℃至5℃的温度范围。工作人员把苗期的水稻放入5℃的实验室里，模拟黑龙江春季的倒春寒天气。</p><div class="pgc-img"><div align="center"></div><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p data-track="14"><strong>黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心主任 姜树坤：</strong>这种颜色比较绿，它的生长受了一定影响，但是目前来看它已经恢复过来了，这种品种就比较耐寒。而像这种完全已经枯死了，这种品种就不耐寒，这种品种在黑龙江就不是特别适合。这些耐寒的材料，我们可以用于后一步育种的遗传改良。</p><p data-track="15">在另一个人工气候室，自然光条件下可以模拟5℃至30℃的温度范围，工作人员把孕穗期的水稻放进去进行低温试验，然后再把水稻移到自然环境下生长，观察水稻最后的成熟情况。</p><div class="pgc-img"><div align="center"></div><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p data-track="16"><strong>黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心主任 姜树坤：</strong>这些就是我们处理之后的水稻到了成熟期之后的状态。这种就是抗冷非常突出的，你看所有的籽粒都结实了，而且非常饱满，表现为穗子已经垂下来了。而这种就是抗冷能力非常差的，它里面基本上没怎么结实，多数都是空粒，它表现为穗子就是直立的。</p><p data-track="17">据介绍，20世纪六七十年代，黑龙江地区低温冷害频发，当时水稻的每亩产量仅有400到500斤。与此同时，随着水稻种植区域不断北移东扩，水稻发生低温冷害的风险越来越高。</p><p data-track="18"><strong>黑龙江省农作物低温冷害工程技术研究中心主任 姜树坤</strong>：现在通过技术的提高，品种的改良，使得我们（水稻）耐冷能力明显提高了。目前我们（黑龙江）省水稻的平均产量已经接近1000斤每亩。</p><p data-track="19">黑龙江省目前种植的水稻品种都经过了多年试验，表现出了很强的耐冷性，在最近的几次冷害发生年，均未出现过大面积的冷害减产现象。</p> 在黑土地上练就“不怕冷”的水稻品种 科技改变生活，科技引领农业走向辉煌 感谢科研工作者的辛勤付出，以及田间挥洒汗水的劳动者，优质的水稻关系到每一个人的饭碗，是天下人的福音啊！每次看到这样的新闻特别高兴。 祖国北大仓，丰收喜羊羊。 巍巍黑龙江，中国大粮仓。 。。。好
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